Marshal of France in 1625, Schomberg drove out the English of the island of D, was useful with glory with the seat of the Small rock, then in the war against Savoy, and died in 1632, after having overcome Montmorency.

The English, who had been combined in Calvinistes, tried to help La Rochelle: they unloaded in the island of D, 7000, under the command of the duke of Buckingham, but a few thousands of French there followed, and, after having received the communion, sprang on the English rear-guard, wrapped it and made a great carnage of it.

2000 English was killed, drowned or taken (November 1627).

Richelieu had itself a species of Prime Minister: it was a capuchin, called the Joseph father, and called the Éminence grise.

Very informed and very skilful, the monk rendered great services to France.

The Academy was intended to maintain the purity of the French language: Richelieu charged it making a dictionary, to fix the direction of the words, and with instituting contests to excite the emulation between the men of letters (January 1635).

The Vaugelas scientist, in charge of the direction of the dictionary, accepted a pension of 2000 pounds; he put himself at work, but the dictionary, continued slowly with him, appeared only in 1694. The French Academy resisted the revolutions and is remained one of our national institutions.

The Botanical garden, intended for the instruction of the medical students, was founded under the direction of Richelieu by one of the doctors of Louis XIII, Guy of the Brush, which liberally gave the ground necessary (1626); one joins together a great number of rare plants there and one instituted public courses there (1640).